中文摘要：

大气折射率结构常数在自适应光学系统、天文观测以及大气湍流模型等研究领域都有着重要的意义。基于差分像移的大气湍流廓线的测量原理,研制了一套距离分辨的大气湍流廓线激光雷达。差分像移湍流廓线激光雷达相比传统湍流测量技术对仪器误差,比如震动和离焦不敏感,可以对目标进行实时的主动探测,并能够得到测路径上随距离分布的大气湍流廓线。介绍了差分像移湍流廓线激光雷达的基本原理与系统结构,利用该湍流廓线激光雷达进行了外场探测实验,探测距离信号发射点200～8 000 m的目标大气,距离分辨率为200～1 000 m,共13个采样点。采用50 Hz帧率的ICCD相机获取信号,每个采样点测量20 s,获得1 000张图像,计算出对应的差分像移,并进一步反演出对应的折射率结构常数,得到了大气湍流的距离分布廓线,最后对实验的结果与过程进行分析,验证了该激光雷达系统的功能性。

英文摘要：

The tropospheric profile of the atmospheric refractive index structure characteristic is required for several applications, including performance analyses of astronomical adaptive optics systems, astronomical site surveys, and validation of atmospheric turbulence prediction models. Based on the research of differential image motion detection principle and feasibility, a turbulence profile LiDAR for measuring range profiles of atmospheric optical turbulence was developed. Compared with traditional techniques, this system was insensitive to instrumental problems, such as defocus and vibrations. The profiles of the strength of refractive turbulence and differential image motion were measured initiatively and in real time by this system. In the field experiment, the turbulence in 200-8 000 m atmosphere was measured. The range resolution of this system is 200-1 000 m, altogether 13 measured positions. Each position observed 20 seconds and got 1 000 images with a 50 Hz frame rate ICCD camera, the differential image motion of each position calculated through those images, and retrieve the result to the strength of refractive turbulence profile. Preliminary data of this field experiment shows that the LiDAR is operating properly.