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超润滑：“零”摩擦的世界
  • ISSN号：1000-7857
  • 期刊名称：《科技导报》
  • 时间：0
  • 分类：TH117.22[机械工程—机械设计及理论]
  • 作者机构：[1]清华大学微纳米力学与多学科交叉创新研究中心,北京100084, [2]清华大学工程力学系暨应用力学教育部重点实验室,北京100084, [3]清华大学机械工程系暨摩擦学国家重点实验室,北京100084, [4]清华大学航天航空学院,北京100084, [5]清华大学精密仪器系,北京100084
  • 相关基金：国家重大基础研究计划（973计划）项目（2013CB934200,2007CB936803）;国家自然科学基金重点项目（10832005,10332020）;国家自然科学基金创新群体项目（10121202）;国家自然科学基金面上项目（11572173,10252001）;唐仲英（中国）基金会项目（202031003）;北京技术创新行动计划（2014-2017年）专项（Z151100003315008）;清华大学自主科研计划项目（2014201007,2012201015）致谢：在本文撰写过程中,得到了张俊彦研究员等许多宝贵的修改意见.此外,汪洲、瞿苍宇和龚阳玉洁等提供了部分资料.
作者： 郑泉水[1,2,3], 欧阳稳根, 马明[1,3], 张首沫, 赵治华[4], 董华来, 林立[1]
关键词： 摩擦力, 超润滑, 科幻作品, 世界, 纳米技术, 精密制造, 中国学者, 科学家
中文摘要：

“绳子从他的指间松脱，就像上面涂了油一样。林恩·罗克罗斯以一种缓慢、从容、优雅的姿态。沿着没有摩擦力的镜面滑了下去。”这是美国科幻作家杰弗里·A·兰迪斯的作品《镜中人》中的片段。该作品呈现了主人公在落入一个“零”摩擦的镜面大坑中后靠着智慧自我拯救的故事。“零”摩擦这样一个奇妙的假设曾勾起许多科幻爱好者的无限遐想，成为诸多科幻作品描写的要点。近20多年来，“零”摩擦不再仅仅是科幻界的宠儿。也成为了科学家研究的热点，是纳米技术时代一个横跨物理、化学、力学、材料、机械、精密制造等诸多传统学科的交叉研究领域。科学家用“超润滑”（superlubricity）来形容两个界面之间摩擦力几乎为零的状态，有关概念于1990年提出，经历了2004年和2012—2013年实验方面的两次突破，其中中国学者做出了重要贡献。超润滑这样一种奇妙现象的原理是什么？如何被实验证实？“零”摩擦在哪些领域可能导致技术的突破、或催生前所未有的新技术？未来的主要挑战有哪些？本文针对这些问题，力图带给读者一个较清晰且激动人心的答案，并触发更多的奇思妙想和深入研究。

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期刊信息
  • 《科技导报》
  • 北大核心期刊（2011版）
  • 主管单位:中国科学技术协会
  • 主办单位:中国科学技术协会
  • 主编：项昌乐
  • 地址：北京市海淀区学院南路86号科技导报社
  • 邮编：100081
  • 邮箱：kjdbbjb@cast.org.cn
  • 电话：010-62138113
  • 国际标准刊号：ISSN：1000-7857
  • 国内统一刊号：ISSN：11-1421/N
  • 邮发代号:2-872
  • 获奖情况:
  • 国内外数据库收录:
  • 俄罗斯文摘杂志,美国化学文摘（网络版）,英国农业与生物科学研究中心文摘,波兰哥白尼索引,美国乌利希期刊指南,美国剑桥科学文摘,英国科学文摘数据库,中国中国科技核心期刊,中国北大核心期刊（2008版）,中国北大核心期刊（2011版）,中国北大核心期刊（2014版）
  • 被引量:24858