中文摘要：

目的探讨中老年人的人格发展特征、心理健康状况以及二者之间的相互关系。方法采用王登峰、崔红等编制的中国人人格量表、症状自评量表（SCL-90）对北京市的200例中老年人进行问卷调查,并进行统计分析。结果 （1）不同年龄段的中老年在情绪性维度上存在显著差异（P〈0.05）;（2）老年人格维度中情绪性的发展呈＂U＂字形,58～68岁情绪性得分较低,53～57岁和〉68岁年龄段情绪性得分明显升高;（3）中老年人在SCL量表的9个项目因子,除了人际关系一项的得分低于常模分数之外,其余各项均高于常模水平（P〈0.05）,并且中老年人在9个项目因子上面的得分不存在年龄段和性别的差异;（4）中老年人的人格特征的一些维度和心理健康状况之间存在着显著的负相关,外向性、善良、人际关系、才干、行事方式得分高的中老年人较少报告躯体化、抑郁、焦虑、强迫、偏执、精神障碍等不良心理表症,而情绪性与敌对性、偏执等项目因子存在显著的正相关。结论中老年人的人格特征处于一个比较稳定的水平,表现出较少的可变性和发展性,但情绪会随着年龄的增长发生变化,不同人格特征的中老年人在面对生活事件时的应激水平可能不同,对待生活的态度不同导致了自身心理健康状况的不同。护理人员应根据其特点制定个性化的心理疏导措施,开展对中老年人心理健康维护。

英文摘要：

Objective To investigate the characteristics of personality developments,psychological health and inter-relationship among senior citizens.Methods This survey was conducted among 200 retirees of Beijing citizen using Chinese Personality Scale（QZPS）,self-rating scale（SCL-90）.Data were analyzed statistically.Results（1）Emotional dimension among different older age groups was of significant difference.（2）Development of emotional dimension among elderly appeared to be a ＂U＂ shaped trend.Testee emotional score for subjects age 59-68 years was lower,while scores for subjects aged 53-58 years and subjects aged 69-88 years were increased.（3）Levels for 9 items listed in SCL-90 were higher than normal standard（P0.05）,except for relationship with others,the latter being lower than normal standard.Also there was no difference among age strata or sex.（4）There was negative correlation between personality dimension and psychological health.Seniors with high score in extraversion,kindness,relationships,competence,practice less likely to report adverse psychological somatization symptom,i.e.depression,anxiety,obsessive-compulsive,paranoid psychotic disorders,in contrast emotional and hostile,paranoid project factors exert significant positive correlation.Conclusions Characteristics of personality in elderly remain stable exhibiting less variability and development,but their mood will change with aging.Level of stress against life accidental events may be differing by different personality character.Different attitude to life led to varied psychological health status.Nurses should deliver individualized psychological counseling measures based on personality char acteristics and help to maintain mental health of the elderly.