中文摘要：

为证实^3H在介质中的吸附,进行了饱和条件下的^3H和Br^-、^3H和^99Tc与非饱和条件下的^3H和^131I的溶质迁移野外现场实验和室内模拟实验.结果表明,^3H的迁移速度滞后于Br^-、^99Tc和^131I.模拟结果表明,^3H在饱和黄土中迁移的延迟因子约为1.95-2.05,相当于在地下水中迁移的速度比地下水流速慢了50%.影响^3H迁移滞后的因素主要有土壤黏土矿物的吸附,土壤中不流动水的存在及土壤的理化性质.该结果对用3H对地下水定年和测速的精度提出了质疑,也为中、低和极低放射性废物处置场中处置^3H废物的安全评价提供依据.

英文摘要：

In order to make sure the medium absorb tritium, ^3H and Br^-,^ 3H and ^131I, ^3H and ^99Tc comparative migration experiment through field and lab tests in the saturated and unsaturated Chinese loess were carried out. The migration velocity of ^3H was slower than Br^-, ^131I, ^99Tc. The simulated result indicated that the retardation factor （Rd） of ^3H was about 1.95 to 2.05, which implied that tritium transport velocity was only a half of the groundwater velocity. The absorption of clays in the soils, the immobile water in the soils and physical chemical characteristic of soils were the main influence factors of hysteresis of ^3H transport. Application of ^3H in determination of flow rate and groundwater dating could result in underestimations. In addition, the result of hysteresis of tritium can be used to guide ^3H radioactive waste disposal and safety assessment.