中文摘要：

20世纪50年代，中国在大规模使用化学农药之初，即开始积极探索农药污染的防治。因受到各种历史条件的制约，20世纪五六十年代的中国农药污染防治工作是在生产安全和劳动卫生理念下，围绕防治农药急性和亚急性中毒展开的，从而表现出明显的前现代性特征。这一时期的探索，为此后中国现代农药污染防治工作的起步，奠定了重要知识、技术和制度基础。这些探索的内容、特征与绩效，主要是由农业植保方针、农业发展政策、经济发展战略、经济发展水平等经济因素决定的。

英文摘要：

Chinese government began to actively explore the prevention of pesticide pollution as well as pesticides were used initially in large scale in China in 1950s. These explorations were of significant characteristics of pre modernity during the 1950s - 1960s which was mainly manifested as that they were carried out around prevention and control of acute and subaeute pesticide poisoning guided by the idea of production safety and labour hygiene. However, they laid important knowledge, technology and system foundation for the beginning of China＇s modern pesticide pollution prevention. According to the research, we find that the content, characteristics and performance of these explorations were mainly determined by economic factors such as the policy of agricultural plant protection and agricultural development, economic development strategy, levels of economic development and so on.