中文摘要：

利用中国家庭追踪调查（CFPS）2012年数据，对义务教育阶段学生课外补习的支出以及对学生成绩影响进行研究，发现课外补习支出具有差异性，受家庭、地区、学校等多因素的影响。增加课外补习支出对提高数学成绩效果显著，但对语文成绩效果并不显著。政府可以通过适度增加低收入家庭学生参与课外补习的机会，降低低收入家庭的补习负担，加大中西部地区和贫困地区的公共教育投入，改善农村和薄弱学校的办学条件等措施来提高低收入家庭学生的学习机会均等性，促进教育公平。此外，学生和家长要理性对待课外补习，盲目跟风不但会增加学生学业负担，也会增加家庭经济负担。

英文摘要：

Based on data from China Family Panel Studies in2012(CFPS2012),which was carried out by the Institute of Social Science Surveyof Peking University,to study the expenditure of private tutoring in the compulsory education.The result shows that the expenditure of private tutoringinfluences by many factors such as family,district and school.The increasing the expenditure of private tutoring can enhance the performance in mathachievements,but not Chinese.In order to improve the learning opportunity equality of low-income students and promoting educational equity,thegovernment should increase the opportunity of private tutoring for the students from low-income families,reduce the burden of tuition for low-incomefamilies,increase public education investment in the central and western regions and poverty-stricken areas,improve the conditions of rural area andweak schools.Students and parents should treat extracurricular tutoring rationally,to avoid into the situation of"prisoner's dilemma".