中文摘要：

生物资源是人类生存依赖和社会发展的基础之一。尽管我国是生物资源大国，但面临物种消减、生物被盗、物种入侵、生物技术战略挑战、惠享不公等问题。从理论和实践来看，健全的生物资源的法律结构应以公法为基础，私法和自律规范为补充的规范体系。显然，我国目前私法严重缺失的生物资源法律体系无法应对生物资源面临的威胁。因此我国应该在现有公法的基础上，及时制定全面而完整、可以调整生物资源的收集、保存、交换、开发和利用产生的社会关系的知识产权法律制度，加强创新之源的保护。作为一种民事权利，生物资源知识产权具有占有性、集体性、非智力性、地域性和无期限性等法律特征。建立我国生物资源知识产权法律制度在理论上和实践中有充分的合理性，也有坚实的国际法基础。我国生物资源知识产权法律制度的框架结构应该包括生物资源知识产权的取得、权利和义务、权利行使和限制、事先知情同意、惠益分享、法律保护及其侵权责任等内容。

英文摘要：

Biological resources are the basis for human survival and social development. China is one of the 12 “megadiversity countries” in the world, which has 30,000 kinds of higher plants, accounting for 10 percent of the world, and ranks the third, has 6,347 kinds of vertebrates, accounting for 14 percent of the world. Howerver, China is also facing the problems of species reduction, biology theft, species invasion, biotechnology strategic challenges, Access and Benefit- sharing system＇s unfairness, and so on. To solve these pressing issues, the norms of legal system need to be improved. In China＇ s biological resources legal system, the mechanism of the basic model is public law, and private law is seriously deficient, which cannot deal with the new situation of biological resources. In theory and practice, a sound legal structure of biological resources should be based on public law, private law and the regulation of self-restraint as supplements. At the same time, we should realize that the protection of intellectual property rights must be strengthened in the process of globalization. Under this situation, on the one hand we should stimulate the citizens to get engaged in innovation and invention with the high-level protection that the intellectual property rights protection system has provided, and on the other hand actively establish new intellectual property rights protection system so as to protect our traditional knowledge and bio-diversity which probably occupy a preponderant position at present. Therefor, it is very necessary to establish a complete biological resources intellectual property law in time for adjusting the collection, preservation, exchange, development and utilization of the biological resources of social relations in China. As a civil right, intellectual property of biological resources has the legal characteristics of possession, collective, non-intelligence, region no deadline, etc. There are sufficient reasons to build China＇ s legal system of intellectual property rights of bio