中文摘要：

采用PCR方法测定了新疆东部达坂城（DB）、吐鲁番（TU）、鄯善（SS）、柳树泉（HL）和哈密东郊（HD）的叶城沙蜥（Phrynocephalus axillaris）的5个居群66只个体的线粒体ND4-tRNALeu基因序列,序列比对得到838bp位点,29个变异位点定义了17种单倍型。除DB居群外,其余居群及5个居群总体均呈现单倍型多样性较高[（0.600±0.113）≤h≤（0.922±0.012）],而核苷酸多样性较低[（0.00082±0.00020）≤π≤（0.00917±0.00037）]。系统发育分析支持5个居群形成了CladeⅠ（DB＋TU＋SS）和CladeⅡ（HL＋HD）两个分支。单倍型网络图也表明,5个居群均有谱系地理结构。分子变异分析（AMOVA）表明,81.67%（P〈0.01）的遗传分化来自5个居群之间,而距离隔离分析（isolationbydistance）显示各居群之间的遗传分化（Fst）与居群间地理距离无显著关系（r=0.5324,P=0.1196）。歧点分布（mismatch distribution）分析和Fu’sFs检验显示,TU和HL居群可能经历近期的种群扩张,而SS和HD居群相对稳定。DB居群特殊的栖息生境及遗传多样性的匮乏揭示该种群可能处于瓶颈期。推测更新世以来,这些区域的地质、气候变动引起的叶城沙蜥栖息地变化及遗传漂变共同导致了这5个居群的遗传分化。

英文摘要：

A 838 bp fragment of mtDNA ND4-tRNALeu gene was sequenced for 66 individuals from five populations（DB：Dabancheng,TU：Turpan,SS：Shanshan,HL：Liushuquan,HD：East district of Hami） of Phrynocephalus axillaris distributed in east of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region.Seventeen haplotypes were identified from 29 nucleotide polymorphic sites in the aligned 838 bp sequence.Excluding DB,there were relatively high haplotype diversity [（0.600±0.113）≤h≤（0.922±0.012）] and low nucleotide diversity[（0.00082±0.00020）≤π≤（0.00917±0.00037）] in the whole and the rest four populations.The result of phylogenetic analysis showed that the haplotypes from five populations formed clade I（DB＋TU＋SS） and clade II（HL＋HD）.Network analysis further revealed the phylogeographical structure of these five populations.Analysis of molecular variance（AMOVA） indicated that the significant genetic divergence（81.67%,P〈0.01） existed among populations,which was not obviously correlated with the geographic distances between populations inferred from isolation-with-distance analysis（r=0.5324,P=0.1196）.The demography analysis implied that TU and HL might have experienced the recent population expansion;SS and HD might be relatively stable.With extremely low genetic diversity,DB might be influenced by the special environment and be experiencing the bottleneck effect.It followed that the significant genetic differentiation among the five populations of P.axillaris might be the consequence of habitat changes resulting from the geological events and climate oscillation since Pleistocene and genetic drift.