中文摘要：

大数据研究正发展为科技、经济、社会等各领域的关注焦点，诸多国家已将大数据研究上升至国家战略层面．本文从时空角度论述了大数据的缘起、内涵与发展势态，分析了科学大数据成为科学研究新途径的历程——科学范式开始从模型驱动向数据驱动发生转变．给出了科学大数据的定义及科学大数据计算的应对策略．进一步地论述了数字地球学科的基本理论框架和数字地球中的数据系统，指出了数字地球学科具有大数据的鲜明特点．最后以“胡焕庸线”形成机理的空间认知研究为例，具体阐述了数字地球学科中的大数据研究的理论和方法．

英文摘要：

Big data has been a focus of research in fields such as science, technology, the economy, and society. Many countries already research big data as a national strategy. This paper elaborates the origin, connotation and development momentum of big data from spatial and temporal perspectives. It proposes that scientific big data will become a new solution in scientific research as the paradigm changes from being model driven to data driven. This paper defines the concept of ＂scientific big data＂ and strategies for solving ＂big data problems＂. Theoretical frameworks and data systems for the digital Earth are discussed with a clear conclusion that the digital Earth is highly featured with scientific big data. Taking spatial cognition of formation mechanism of the ＂Heihe-Tengchong Line＂ as an example, big-data computation and analysis are studied for the digital Earth.