中文摘要：

采用数码显微系统对中国苹果属21种植物腊叶标本和新鲜成熟果实的表皮细胞微形态特征进行了观察,探讨了苹果属植物果实表皮微形态特征及其系统演化关系。结果表明：21种苹果属植物果实表皮细胞大小、细胞间隙、相邻细胞之间共有细胞壁上纹孔数量、纹孔宽度都有不同程度的差异,细胞的排列模式有放射状纹饰、轮状纹饰、局部轮状纹饰和有轮状迹象等4种。根据修正后的Langenfeld系统,将果实表皮细胞微形态特征及其细胞排列模式特征进行对比分析,认为苹果属植物果实表皮细胞微形态特征的系统演化趋势是细胞由小到大,细胞间隙由窄到宽,纹孔数量由少到多,纹孔宽度由窄到宽,表皮细胞排列模式的系统演化趋势是放射状纹饰→轮状纹饰→局部轮状纹饰→有轮状迹象。支持苹果属分为4个组,4组植物对应的系统演化趋势为多胜海棠组→花楸苹果组→山荆子组→苹果组。证明果实表皮微形态特征对苹果属植物分类及系统评价能够提供有价值的信息。

英文摘要：

The micromorphological features of the epidermis cells of herbarium and fresh mature fruits of 21 Malus species in China were examined with a digital microscopy system and their relationship with the phylogenetic evolution of the genus was investigated.Interspecific differences,in different extents,were noticed in cell size,intercellular space,number of pits on the common cell wall of adjacent cells and pit breadth,and four patterns of epidermis cell arrangement were detected：radiation-like,annular,partly annular and obscurely annular.A comparative study of the micromorphological features of the fruit epidermis cells and their arrangement patterns based on the modified Langenfeld system for the phylogenesis of Malus suggested that the micromorphological features of the fruit epidermis cells in Malus evolved in the sequences of：small cell→big cell,narrow intercellular space→wide intercellular space,few pits→many pits,small pits→bigger pits and the phylogenetic evolution of the distribution pattern of fruit epidermis cells followed the sequence of：radiation-like pattern→annular pattern→partly annular pattern→obscurely annular pattern.The above results provide support to the Four-Section Theory in taxonomy of Malus.The phylogenetic direction of the four sections in Malus can be described as：Sect.Docyniopsis→Sect.Sorbomalus→Sect.Baccatus→Sect.Malus.It is,therefore,concluded that the micromorphological features of fruit epidermis cells can provide valuable information for the study of taxonomy and phylogenesis of Malus.