中文摘要：

为分析客运经济政策在不同运营者间的作用规律，应用博弈论分析了城市客运交通运营者之间的Nash均衡，构建了双层规划模型来描述运营者之间的经济决策行为，分析了不同策略下运营者的效益和社会总成本，包括时间、能源消耗和空气污染等成本，其中上层模型分析管理者优化不同客运方式的费率，下层模型分析运营者在限定费率下确定各自的服务频率以获得最大利润。采用GAMS和遗传算法分别构建了双层规划模型的求解算法，算例分析验证了模型的有效性。引入轨道交通服务，可以提高城市公共交通客运份额，有效降低环境、能源等外部性成本。

英文摘要：

To analyze the law of passenger transportation economic policy in different operators, based on game theory to describe the Nash equilibrium among urban passenger transportation operators, a bi-level programming model is proposed to model urban passenger transportation operators’ economic decision.making, operators’ profit and social cost have been discussed, including the travel time cost, air pollution cost and energy consumption cost. The upper-level model describes the management authority’ regulation on the fares of each mode, the lower-level model describes the operators ’ maximum profit by determining the service frequency. Based on GAMS and genetic algorithm, a numerical example verifies the validity of the proposed model. The introduction of subway service will increase the total market share of passenger public transportation, and effectively reduce the external cost, including the environmental emission cost and energy consumption cost.