中文摘要：

目的探讨不同时程（1．5h和3h）和程度（15％和12．5％）睡眠诱导低氧（SIH）对肺气肿大鼠肺气肿程度和凝血功能的影响。方法30只Wistar大鼠随机分为三组，每组10只。所有大鼠每天2次暴露于香烟烟雾共1h（每次30min）。第29d起，短时SIH肺气肿组（A组）同时在睡眠时段暴露于含12．5％氧气的混合气体中共1．5h（分4次给予，每次22．5min）；轻度SIH肺气肿组（B组）同时在睡眠时段暴露于含15％氧气的混合气体中共3h（分4次给予，每次45min）；标准SIH肺气肿组（C组）同时在睡眠时段暴露于含12．5％氧气的混合气体中共3h（分4次给予，每次45min）。各组大鼠均连续暴露56d.后处死，采集肺组织和全血。肺组织切片染色后经半定量图像分析，计算肺病理评分、肺平均内衬间隔（MLI）和平均肺泡数（MAN）评价肺组织病理学改变。而后测定全血中抗凝血酶Ⅲ（ATⅢ）、纤维蛋白原（FIB）、血管性血友病因子（vWF）、凝血因子Ⅷ（FVS）的活性。以SPSS11．5进行统计学处理，采用单因素方差分析行组间比较，组内比较采用SNK-q检验。结果三组大鼠肺组织切片均呈现明显肺气肿样改变。各组肺病理评分和MLI差异明显（F=21．907，F=18．415，P均〈0．05），A组[（61．90±4．25）％，（92．45±1．78）μm]和B组[（64．60±3．95）％，（92．80±3．65）μm]均低于C组[（73．30±3．86）％，（99．32±2．81）μm，q=8．96，q=6．84，q=12．64，q=9．65，P均〈0．05]。各组全血FIB差异明显（F=20．592，P〈0．05），A组[（189．98±5．29）mg／dL]和B组[（182．70±2．78）mg／dL]均低于C组[（198．40±7．37）mg／dL，q=4．86，q=9．07，P均〈0．05]，且A组高于B组（q=4．20，P〈0．05）。各组全血FⅧ的差异明显（F=33．652，P〈0．05），A组[（232．26±4．17）％]和B组[（242．53±14．50）％]均低于C组[（303．25±32．93）?

英文摘要：

Objective To investigate whether the sleep-induced hypoxemia （SIH） at different time and different level have different effects on pulmonary emphysema and coagulation system function in the rats with pulmonary emphysema. Methods Thirty Wistar rats were randomly divided into three groups （n = 10 in each group）. All rats were exposed to cigarette smoke twice a day （30min each time）. From 29th day on, the rats in Group A （pulmonary emphysema with short SIH） were also exposed to mixed gas of 12. 5% oxygen for 1.5 hours during sleeping time every day （ the expose time was divided into 4 periods, 22. 5 rain each）. The rats in Group B （pulmonary emphysema with mild SIH） were also exposed to mixed gas of 15% oxygen for three hours during sleeping time every day （ the expose time was divided into 4 periods,45 rain each）. The rats in Group C（ pulmonary emphysema with standard SIH） were also exposed to mixed gas of 12.5% oxygen for three hours during sleeping time every day（ the expose time was divided into 4 periods, 45 rain each）. After continuous exposure for 56 days, the rats were sacrificed. Semi-quantitative image analytic method was employed for histopathological analysis including pathological score of lungs, mean linear intercept （MLI） and mean alveolus number（MAN）. ATⅢ ,FIB,vWF,FⅧ were measured. Results All animals in three groups manifested the histopathological features of emphysema. Pathological scores of lungs and MLI of every group were significantly different from each other（F =21. 907,F = 18. 415,al1 P 〈 0. 05）, Group A [（61.90±4.25）%,（92.45±1.78） μm] and Group B[（64.60±3.95）%,（92.80±3.65） μm] were significantly lower than Group C [ （ 73.30± 3. 86 ） % , （ 99. 32 ±2. 81 ） txm, q = 8. 96, q = 6. 84, q = 12. 64, q = 9. 65, all P 〈 0. 05 ]. Levels of FIB were significantly different among three groups （ F = 20. 592, P 〈 0. 05） while FIB in Group A [ （ 189. 98± 5. 29） mg,/dL] and Group B [ （ 182. 70 ± 2. 78） m