中文摘要：

空间环境与航天器介质材料相互作用引起的介质充放电现象是威胁航天器安全运行的重要因素之一.尤其是随着航天器工作电压的提高,该问题尤为突出,严重制约了高电压、大功率航天器的发展.本文综述了国内外空间介质充放电领域的研究现状、存在的问题及未来发展.首先,介绍了空间介质充放电现象及其危害,当前我国航天器发展对空间介质的工程需求;分析了空间介质充放电发展历程及新时期深空探测、国际空间站的发展对空间介质的新要求和挑战.其次,从介质充放电机理、放电抑制措施、数值计算和计算机仿真等方面,总结了介质表面充放电和介质深层充放电的研究现状和存在问题.再次,介绍了空间介质充放电试验与材料特性的研究热点问题.包括：电子辐射下表面电位衰减与材料特性;电子辐射下介质内部空间电荷原位测量与材料特性;电子辐射下介质真空沿面闪络特性.最后,结合当前研究中存在的问题,展望了空间介质带电领域亟需解决的科学问题.

英文摘要：

Dielectric charging phenomenon, caused by the interaction effect between space environment and spacecraft material, has a severe threat to the normal operation of spacecraft. Especially, the problem becomes more serious with the improvement of spacecraft operation voltage. An overview of dielectric charging research status, exsiting problems and prospect are reviewed. Firstly, dielectric charging phenomenon, hazards, research history and new challenges are introduced. There have five development stages： the initial attention, the focus of surface dielectric charging, the focus of deep dielectric charging, the rapid development of dielectric charging and new challenges and demands. The development demands of spacecraft dielectric in China are analysed. There have several insulation positions, which are easy to occur fault in practice. They include surface flashover on insulation material bewteen solar cells of solar array, surface flashover on insulation material between electrodes of solay array drive assembly, the insulation material in cables and pulse discharge of circuit board. Secondly, the specific research status and exsifing problems of surface dielectric charging and deep dielectric charging are summarized from the following aspects： dielectric charging mechanism, dielectric charging mitigation and numerical simulation. Next, the top issues about dielectric charging experiments and material characteristics are introduced. They include in-situ surface potential decay measurement and characteristics of dielectric radiated by electrons, in-situ space charge measurement and material characteristics under electron radiation, surface flashover characteristics of dielectric radiated by electrons in vacuum. Two kinds of space charge in-situ measurement, short-circuit PEA （Pulsed Electro-Acoustic） and open PEA are introduced. At present, there do not have the mature in-situ space charge measurement setup under electron radiation in China, the difficult points in design and debugging are analysed. It is in