中文摘要：

杜仲为第三纪子遗树种,是我国特有的国家二级重点保护植物。贵州是杜仲的主产区之一,其多个地区均有栽培然而对其遗传背景尚不了解。本研究应用15个SSRs标记分析了贵州杜仲栽培群体的遗传多样性及亲缘关系,12个群体295个个体共检测到82个等位基因,海个位点的等位基因数为3~10,其均值为5.467;每个群体的等位基因数na、期望杂合度He、Shannon指数Ⅰ的平均值分别为4.011、0.533和0.996,多态位点百分率PPL除LL群体和QNY群体为93.3%外其余10个群体的PPL都为100%,说明贵州杜仲群体具有较高的遗传多样性;湄潭群体MT和龙里群体LL的固定指数（F）平均值为负值,其余都为正值表明群体内的杂合子缺失,群体内存在近亲繁殖现象;群体间的遗传分化系数FST为0.0660,遗传变异主要分布在群体内;UPGMA聚类分析发现,聚类分组并未按地区位置而聚类,这可能是在栽培过程中人为选择的结果,QNY群体与其他11个群体的遗传距离最大,XY群体和RH群体的遗传距离最近。本研究应用SSR分子标记探明其遗传多样性与亲缘关系,为杜仲的合理保护、种质资源收集提供建议。

英文摘要：

Eucommia ulmoides Olive is tertiary relict plant,and is the plant species that grows up only in China.It was listed the second-ranking protection category.Guizhou was one of the major E.ulmoides production areas,in which many areas were cultivated,but its genetic background wasn＇t still clear.In this study,we used 15 SSRs molecular markers to investigate the hereditary constitution and genetic relationship for the cultivated populations of E.ulmoides in Guizhou.The total of 82 alleles were detected based on 12 populations included 295 samples,the alleles per locus rang from 3 to 10,and average number was 5.467;the average number of alleles per population（no）,expected heterozygosity（He）,and Shannon＇s index（/） were 4.011,0.533 and 0.996,respectively.And except the percentage of polymorphic loci（PPL） of LL,QNY were 93.3%,the other 10 populations＇ PPL were 100%,indicated a higher level of genetic variation of E.ulmoides in Guizhou.Only the negative fixation index（F） exist in MT and LL,others were positive value,which implied heterozygote deficiency commonly existed in most populations,because of inbreeding within population.The genetic differentiation coefficient（FST） between populations were 0.066 0,suggested genetic variation mainly distributed within populations.The UPGMA cluster analysis indicated that grouping wasn＇t according to the religion location to cluster,it may be the result of artificial selection in the process of cultivation,QNY had the most genetic distance with other 11 populations.However,genetic distance between XY and RH was the closest.Some suggestions are recommended for both genetic conservation and germplasm collection of E.ulmoides.