中文摘要：

为充分发挥碳纳米管、微晶石墨和鳞片石墨等碳源在铝碳耐火材料中的协同强韧化作用,本工作首先采用高能球磨法研磨含硝酸镍的微晶石墨和氧化铝微粉制备了镍负载超细微晶石墨复合粉体,然后与鳞片石墨一起作为碳源,单质硅粉为添加剂,酚醛树脂为结合剂制备了铝碳耐火材料。结果表明：铝碳耐火材料中引入硝酸镍负载的超细微晶石墨复合粉时,在经1000℃处理的材料中可以观察到多壁碳纳米管和碳化硅晶须的形成,1200～1400℃下材料内碳化硅晶须明显增加。含这种负载催化剂复合粉的铝碳材料经1000～1400℃热处理后,材料的强度大幅度提高,材料断裂时位移量增大。可以认为上述通过超细微晶石墨复合粉引入的硝酸镍高温下原位催化树脂形成的碳纳米管,与超细微晶石墨、鳞片石墨复合碳源以及材料内部形成的碳化硅晶须产生协同增强增韧的作用,赋予铝碳材料更加优异的力学性能。

英文摘要：

To take full advantage of the excellent properties of carbon nanotubes（CNTs）,aphanitic graphite and graphite flake and their synergistic reinforcing and toughening effect on Al2O3-C refractories,the Nickel-loaded ultrafine aphanitic graphite（NUAG） powders were produced firstly by high-energy ball milling aphanitic graphite contained nickel nitrate and micron sized α-Al2O3 powders,and then Al2O3-C refractories were prepared using tabular alumina,NUAG powders,graphite flake,Si powder as raw materials and thermosetting phenolic resin as binder. The results show that CNTs and SiC ceramic phase formed at 1000 ℃ in specimens containing NUAG powders and addition of NUAG powders could accelerate in-situ formation of ceramic whiskers fired at 1200 ℃ and 1400 ℃,respectively. Theoccurrence led to the improvement of flexural strength and the increment of fracture displacement of Al2O3-C refractories. It is suggest that the synergistic effect of carbon nanotubes,ultrafine aphanitic graphite,graphite flake and SiC ceramic whiskers can endow the Al2O3-C refractories with much better mechanical properties at various temperature ranges.