中文摘要：

论述了物体表面形貌的测量在工程上的重要性，指出了目前学术界与工业界所普遍采用的二维表面测量与评定的局限性，进而说明了三维表面测量的重大意义．在此基础上，将三维表面测量仪器，即接触式触针仪器、非接触式光学干涉仪以及原子力显微镜的原理、现状进行了分析比较．同时，对三维表面的评定技术及其三维表面参数，特别是“伯明翰14参数”的发展做了系统的论述．最后，以三维表面形貌测量在人工髋关节柄磨损评定中的应用为例，其结果表明，粗糙表面的髋关节柄和骨水泥之间的磨损为磨粒磨损，而抛光表面的髋关节柄和骨水泥之间的磨损为微动磨损，此为生物医学上进一步降低磨损微粒的产生、提高人工髋关节的寿命提供了重要参考．

英文摘要：

The significance of three dimensional （3D）suriace metrology in englneenng is firstly discussed ,based on the recognition of the limitation of two dimensional（2D ）surface metrology that most researchers in academia and industry have been utilizing. Then a detailed description of modern 3D surface metrology instruments, i. e. contacting stylus, non-contacting optical interferometer and atomic force microscope, is given. Subsequently, the development of 3D surface characterization technique which concentrates mainly on 3D surface parameters, especially the famous ＂Birmingham 14 Parameters＂, is introduced. Finally, a typical case study on the application of 3 D surface metrology in characterization of femoral stem wear is proposed to further advocate the popularization of 3D surface metrology in biomedical engineering,with the result showing that matt femoral stems wear against bone cement by an abrasive mechanism whilst fretting wear dominates the wear mechanism between polished femoral stems and bone cement.