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中文摘要：
鞭毛是细菌体表重要的附属结构之一，一直以来仅被简单地当做运动器官。但近几年来，随着对鞭毛结构和致病性作用的深入研究发现：鞭毛及其运动性可促进细菌对于宿主细胞的黏附与侵袭，在细菌生物被膜形成过程中起重要作用，与细菌毒力因子的分泌也密切相关，并且鞭毛素蛋白能通过与细胞上Toll样受体5（TLR5，toll-likereceptor5）结合而诱导机体促炎性反应。同时，鞭毛也因其独特的免疫学效应而被应用于新型免疫佐剂的研发。本文主要就鞭毛的结构、对细菌致病性的影响及其免疫学应用等方面进行综述。
英文摘要：
Being a surface structure of bacteria，flagella have been thought to simply act as the locomotive organelles for a long time．In recent years，as increasing information gathered from studies on the pathogenicity of flagella，we found flagella could contribute to invasion and adhesion to the host cells，playing an important role in the biofilm formation and being correlated with bacterial virulence secretion system． Binding of flagellin and toll-like receptor 5 may stimulate signaling pathway，resulting in the pro-inflammatory response．Meanwhile，flagella act as a new immune adjuvant as well，because of their good immunity character．This article summarizes the current knowledge of bacterial flagella，including their structure，contribution to the pathogenicity of the bacteria，and their potential application in immunity．
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