中文摘要：

伯夷、叔齐的形象是随着历史被人为塑造出的。从夷、齐生活的殷末周初到故事成型的司马迁时代，《论语》、《孟子》、《庄子》、《吕氏春秋》等都对其形象有极深的影响。《史记·伯夷列传》总结前人并有所创新，确立了此后两千年的正统夷、齐形象。随着三代理想世界的远去，现实政治对道冲击的变强，夷、齐形象逐渐丰满并远离圣人，接近普通人。这一变化背后隐藏着的，是士的政治需求。最终，随着秦汉大一统帝国的诞生，权势凌驾于道，内圣外王信仰变得难以实现。在此背景下，司马迁版本的夷齐故事为士人的行为提供了合理性解释：无论是屈从于世俗政治的权变还是降低自我定位的隐逸，本质上仍是把“道”放在第一位。

英文摘要：

In China, the images of Bo Yi and Shu Qi were created based on the needs of history. From the beginning of Zhou dynasty （also the end of Yin dynasty）, during which Bo Yi and Shu Qi had their lives ,until the age when Sima Qian lived and this story had its first frame, the Analects, Mencius, Chuang-tzu, The Spring and Autumn of Lv Buwei and other famous books had profound influence on the models. Historical Records, Boyi biography made a conclusion from former people, and also created a new thought, from which the models of Bo Yi and Shu Qi were built and kept for two-thousand years be- cause the three generations of the ideal world were far away. The models of Bo Yi and Shu Qi become more realistic and were far away from saints as well as got close to normal people. What hid in this change was Shig requirement of politics. Finally, with starts of Qin empire and Han empire, the power was set at the top,instead of Duo,so that the belief ＂Internal Saints and External Kings＂ turned to he more difficuh to achieve. At this background, the story of Bo Yi and Shu Qi, which was written by Sima Qian, gave a reasonable explanation why Shi people had such behaviors： no matter submitting to the power of politics or setting themselves on a lower level to hermit, inside they still put Duo at the top.