中文摘要：

采用16SrRNA方法对江苏省新沂河的底泥样品进行了厌氧氨氧化菌的原位检测，建立了样品的16SrRNA克隆文库，共包括6个16SrRNA克隆序列．对文库中克隆序列利用ARB软件包进行了排队分析及系统发育树的绘制．分析结果表明，新沂河底泥样品中含有与已知厌氧氨氧化菌Candidatus“Brocadia anammoxidans”相似性为91％的16SrRNA基因，经鉴定为厌氧氨氧化菌Brocadia分支的新种类．样品中还含有组成Planctomycetes新分支的16SrRNA基因，它们与已知厌氧氨氧化菌序列的遗传距离较远，其微生物特性还有待进一步研究．厌氧氨氧化菌在淡水环境中的发现将有助于进一步研究厌氧氨氧化过程在受损淡水生态系统修复重建中的作用，重新认识其中的氮循环过程．

英文摘要：

In situ identification of ANAMMOX bacteria was conducted using 16S rRNA approach for sediment samples from the Xinyi River in Jiangsu Province, China. 16S rRNA clone library including 6 clone sequences was constructed. The alignment of these sequences and treeing were conducted using ARB package. Results show that the sediment samples contained 16S rRNA genes closely related to the known ANAMMOX bacterium Candidatus ＂Brocadia anammoxidans＂ （similarity of 91% ）. They also contained 16S rRNA gene sequences from a new branch of Planctomycetes distantly related to the ANAMMOX sequence cluster. However, the microbiological characteristics of these Planctomycetes are to be studied in the future. The detection of ANAMMOX bacteria will lead to further research on ANAMMOX process in the remediation and restoration of freshwater aquatic ecosystems and new understanding of the nitrogen cycle.