中文摘要：

MicroRNAs（miRNAs）是一类小的非编码RNA分子，其可以在转录后水平调节基因表达。miR-125是在不同种属生物中高度保守的miRNA。miR-125家族的成员已经被证实能够在多种不同类型的疾病中表达改变，并调控疾病的发生。此外，miR-125在免疫宿主防御，尤其是在对细菌或病毒的感染中起到至关重要的作用。本文着重总结了miR-125家族的生理功能以及其在肿瘤以及免疫系统疾病、造血系统恶性疾病、心血管疾病中的作用，也讨论了miRNA家族在未来作为生物标志物和治疗靶点的发展前景。

英文摘要：

MicroRNAs （miRNAs） are emerging as small non-coding RNA molecules that regulate gene expression at a post-transcriptional level, miR-125 is a highly conserved miRNA throughout diverse species. Members of miR-125 family have been validated to be changed, exhibiting its different roles in many different types of diseases. Furthermore, miR-125 plays a crucial role in immunological host defense, especially in response to bacterial or viral infections. In this review, summarizes the pathophysiological functions of miR-125 family in various diseases, focusing on carcinoma and host immune responses, malignant diseases in hematopoietic system, cardiovascular diseases and so on, also discuss the potential of miRNA family as promising biomarkers and therapeutic targets for different diseases in future.