中文摘要：

在固定床反应器中,以苯为生物质气化焦油模型化合物,测试了于900℃煅烧的4种不同矿源镁橄榄石（Mg,Fe）2SiO4及其负载镍催化剂的水蒸气重整活性,并对煅烧橄榄石进行了N2吸附、X射线衍射、程序升温还原和扫描电镜等测试.结果表明,不同矿源橄榄石的组成和表面性质不同,从而导致相应催化剂的性能差别较大.在具有较高可还原氧化铁含量和比表面积的橄榄石上,苯气相碳转化率最高.Ni的引入大大提高了苯转化率和产气中CO选择性,而降低了CH4和C2H4选择性.4种橄榄石负载镍催化剂的活性存在明显的差异,可能是因为活性组分在橄榄石载体表面的分散度不同.对反应后的积炭催化剂进行了热重分析.

英文摘要：

Steam reforming activity of four olivines （Mg,Fe）2SiO4 from different areas of China and nickel catalysts supported on the olivines were evaluated in a fixed-bed reactor using benzene as the model tar compound of biomass gasification. The olivines were pre-calcined at 900℃ and were characterized by N2 adsorption, X-ray diffraction, temperature-programmed reduction, and scanning electron microscopy. The results showed that the olivines from different quarries have different compositions and surface characteristics, which lead to different catalytic performance when they acted as both an iron-bearing catalyst and a nickel catalyst support. The olivine with the highest catalytic activity corresponded to its highest reducible iron content and its largest surface area. The addition of Ni onto the olivine greatly improved the benzene conversion and CO selectivity and decreased CH4 and C2H4 selectivities in the product gas. There was obvious difference in activity among the Ni catalysts with four different olivines, which was attributed to the different dispersion of Ni particles on the olivines. TG analyses of the catalysts after reaction were also carried out to illuminate the carbon formed.