中文摘要：

排放权交易与排污权交易并无本质区别,排污权交易已经历了较长时间运行,其经验教训的总结与反思对于今后推进排放权交易很有必要。本文调研了嘉兴市排污权储备交易中心,就排污权交易运行现状来看,二级市场并未成功建立。主管部门进行了一系列开拓性尝试,但并未激活二级市场,反而这些政策受市场交易冷淡的影响而纷纷搁置。这说明问题不在配套政策上,而在于所采用的排污信用交易机制。排污信用机制在运行上过于依赖政府直接干预,从而抑制了市场自发性的成长。本文同时调研了上海环境能源交易所,发现在目前的碳排放权交易机制中,政府直接干预较少,市场发展势头也较好。但是由于间接干预的广泛存在,也未形成真正的总量控制与配额交易机制。本文进而探讨了影响机制选择的两方面制约因素：一是制度层面的,即社会对资源环境的价值缺乏认同,政府监管目标选择欠妥;二是技术层面的,即总量设定、监测核算以及初始排放权分配都存在一些难点,本文最后提出了一些针对性的政策建议。

英文摘要：

There is no obvious difference between pollution permits trading and emission permits trading.Therefore,it is essential to summarize the relative experience and lesson of pollution permits trading to promote carbon emission permits trading,since the former trading system has be implemented for quite a long time.This paper investigated Jiaxing Pollution Permits Trading Center and found that the secondary market did not work well.The official sector had tried a series of incentive policies,but failed to activate the secondary market while the policies could not continue to perform due to few transactions.This indicates that the problem does not lie in the supporting policies,but in the credit trading mechanism adopted.The forced intervention by the government suppresses market development.Besides,this paper investigated Shanghai Environment Energy Exchange,and found that the carbon emission permits trading system worked efficiently because of less direct intervention from the government.But the mechanism still could not be regarded as the cap and trade mechanism owing to the widespread presence of indirect intervention.In addition,this paper discussed two categories of deep factors which restricted the choice of mechanism.One is the institutional factor,including lack of social recognition in the value of environmental resources and the poor performance of the government in selecting the regulatory target.The other is the technical factor,including the difficulty in amount setting,emission monitoring and initial allocation.Finally,a few suggestions were proposed to improve the situation.