中文摘要：

颈卵器是苔藓、蕨类、裸子植物的雌性生殖器官,由卵细胞、腹沟细胞和颈细胞（颈沟细胞）构成。其中,颈细胞是这类植物雄配子进入颈卵器并完成受精作用的唯一通道,在颈卵器的发育和受精过程中发挥着重要作用。该文就近年来国内外有关对颈细胞的发生和发育、结构特点和功能等进行较为系统全面的分析和总结,并对未来的研究方向进行展望。

英文摘要：

Archegonium,the female reproductive organ in bryophytes,pteridophytes and gymnosperms,consists of an egg cell,a ventral canal cell and one to several neck cells（neck canal cells）.Among them,neck cells are the only effective structure for male gametes to enter the archegonia and accomplish fertilization,and therefore,play essential roles during the archegonial development and fertilization.Here,we review the research progress on the formation process,development and structural characteristic of neck cells,in particular about the function during fertilization.In addition,we point out the remaining problems in current research and give an outlook to the future research on neck cells.