中文摘要：

目的建立感染型2日龄大鼠脑室周围白质软化（PVL）动物模型。方法48只2日龄SD大鼠随机分为假手术组和PVL模型纽。脑立体定位仪下对PVL组大鼠经侧脑室注入细菌脂多糖（LPS）1μg／g，假手术组注入相同体积的无菌PBS。于造模后第5天处死取脑，进行光镜下脑白质病理评估及免疫组织化学染色检测04阳性少突胶质细胞前体（OL）。结果光镜下病理学观察以及免疫组化分析显示，LPS诱导引起大鼠脑白质结构明显的病理学改变以及白质内04阳性OL前体的大量丢失。结论经侧脑室注入LPS可建立近似人类早产儿PVL病理学特征的大鼠感染型PVL动物模型。

英文摘要：

Objective To establish the animal model of infection-type periventricular leukomalacia （PVL） in two-day-old SD rats. Methods Forty-eight 2-day-old SD rats were randomly divided into 2 groups consisting of the sham group and the PVL group. Under stereo-positioner of brain, the lipopolysaccharide （LPS） 1 μg/g was injected into the lateral ventricle of the neonatal rats in the PVL group, and similar volume of sterile PBS was injected into the lateral ventricle of neonatal rats in the sham group. The pathological assessment under light microscope and the immunohistochemical analysis of O4-positive preoligodendrocytes （preOLs） were respectively undertaken in all neonatal rats 5 days after LPS injection. Results The obvious injuries of white matter and the massive loss of O4-positive PreOLs induced by LPS were observed by the pathological assessment under light microscope and the immunohistochernical analysis. Conclusion The infection-type PVL model of neonatal rats which corresponds to the pathological features of PVL in human premature infants can be successfully established by the intraventricular injection of LPS.