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中文摘要：
采用NH4Cl为矿化剂,以金属锌片为锌源,水热合成出多种不同形貌的ZnO微纳米结构。其中ZnO纳米棒及铅笔都沿[001]方向生长,结晶性很好。在水热条件下,ZnO纳米棒通常倾向于自组装成花状的结构。本文从鲍林电负性的角度揭示了形成这些微纳米结构的化学反应机理,分析了Cl-和NH4＋在这些微纳米结构形成过程中所起的作用。研究结果表明：温度和填充度对ZnO纳米结构的结晶性和形貌也有重要的影响。当温度从150℃升至180℃时,ZnO纳米晶的结晶性明显更好。当填充度从60%增加到80%时,除了形成ZnO纳米棒花状自组装结构以外,在金属锌片表面还趋于生成大量的ZnO微球。
英文摘要：
Several kinds of self-assembling ZnO micro and nanostructures were synthesized by hydrothermal method using NH4Cl as mineralizer and zinc foil as the zinc source.Among these structures,the crystalline of ZnO nanorods and ZnO pencils with preferred growth direction along c-axis are very well.Usually,ZnO nanorods tend to self-assemble into interesting flowerlike structures under hydrothermal conditions.The chemical reaction mechanism of these micro and nanostructure growth has been revealed from the view of Pauling electronegativity.Further analysis indicates that Cl-and NH＋4 play an important role in the formation of these micro and nanostructures during hydrothermal process.Additionally,the temperature and filling-ratio also have an impact effect on the crystalline and morphology of these structures.The crystalline of these micro and nanostructures synthesized at 180 ℃ is much better than that synthesized at 150 ℃.When filling-ratio increases from 60% to 80%,it tends to form a lot of ZnO microspheres accompanied by the growth of flowerlike architectures on zinc substrate.
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