中文摘要：

“静电纺丝”是目前制备纳米级纤维最为简单有效的方法，其制得的纤维材料具有径细、质轻、比表面大、孔隙率大等优点，应用前景广泛。与传统纤维相比，电纺纤维具有一些独特的形貌结构特点。本文根据电纺纤维的宏观、微观形貌特征将其划分为三级形态（多根纳米纤维排列形成的聚集形貌）、二级形态（单根纳米纤维的宏观形貌）以及一级形态（单根纳米纤维的介观及微观形貌），详述了各级形态纤维的形貌结构特点、制备方法以及形成机理，并对这些形态各异纤维材料的应用前景进行了展望。

英文摘要：

Electrospinning has been recognized as the most simple and effective technique for the fabrication of polymer nanofibers. The electrospun nanofibrious membranes have many advantages, such as very thin diameter, light weight, high specific surface, high porosity, etc. Compared with the traditional fibrious membranes, the electrospun nanofihrious membranes possess some unique morphology and structure characteristics, which can be divided into three levels. The third-level morphology describes the apperance morphology of the electrospun nanofibrious membranes including many fibers. The second-level morphology covers macromorphology of single nanofiber. The first-level morphology is the single nanofibers＇ mierostructure. This paper describes the morphology and structure of the three-level nanofibers, and then indicates these fibers＇ applications in the future.