中文摘要：

2003-2005年以选自黄淮地区及美国的8个大豆重要亲本品种（系）及其组配的28个双列杂交组合为材料，分析大豆亲本间的产量杂种优势及其配合力，探讨高优势组合的遗传基础，包括杂种优势与亲本系数、SSR标记遗传距离的相关。结果表明：（1）黄淮地区大豆亲本间存在产量超亲优势，平均20．39％，组合间差异甚大，变幅为-5．34％-76．88％，优选出豫豆22×晋豆27、淮豆4号×晋豆27、诱变30×蒙90-24，超亲优势分别为76．88％、29．90％和34．42％，超标率均在25．00％以上，晋豆27和诱变30为优秀亲本材料。单株荚数及单株粒数的优势和产量优势相对一致。（2）大豆亲本间产量杂种优势既与双亲一般配合力之和及特殊配合力有关，又不完全相关。高优势高产组合的亲本产量配合力特点为亲本之一具有较高的一般配合力，或双亲具有较高的一般配合力之和，兼有较高的特殊配合力。单株荚数和单株粒数的情况和产量一致。（3）按亲本系数聚类和按SSR标记遗传相似系数聚类揭示的8个亲本间的遗传关系相对一致，均分为两组，一组包含6个黄淮中、南部品种（系），另一组包含1个山西和1个美国品种。要获得高优势高产组合，亲本间必须具有一定的遗传距离，但遗传距离大并不一定都高产高优势，还有其他因素决定杂种优势。

英文摘要：

In recent years, breeding for hybrid cultivars of soybean [Glycine max （L.） Merr.] for utiliazation of heterosis has been paid great attention, but there are few reports on the fundamental aspects regarding the heterosis in soybeans.. In fact, for a real utilization of hybrid soybean, the important prerequisite is high heterosis. Therefore, a fundamental effort in hybrid breeding is the choice of parents and identification of superior hybrid combinations. In this paper, heterosis and combining ability were determined using eight key parental materials, including seven from Huang-Huai region and one from US as well as their 28 F1 diallel crosses in Huai＇an, Jiangsu, China from 2003 to 2005, and relationships between F1 performance and its pedigree-based and SSR-based genetic distances were investigated. The results showed that there were heterobeltiosis in yield among parents in Huang-Huai region with the average heterobeltiosis of 20.39%, and a large difference among hybridized combinations with a range from -5.34% to 76.88%. We screened combinations, among them, Yudou 22× Jindou 27, Huaidou 4× Jindou 27, and Youbian 30× Meng 9024 had the heterobeltiosis in yield of 76.88%, 29.90%, and 34.42%, respectively. Among these parents used above, Youbian 30 and Jindou 27 were the elite. Heterosis of pods per plant and seeds per plant were relatively in accord with yield heterosis. Yield heterosis in parents was related to general combining ability （GCA） and specific combining ability（SCA）. One of parents has high GCA or both have high GCA and high SCA in high-yield combinations. Parents-based cluster and SSR-based cluster analysis revealed that genetic relationships for eight parents were basically consistent, and eight parents were classified into two groups, one including six varieties from middle and south of Huang-Huai region, the other consisting of one from Shanxi and one from America. Therefore, certain genetic distance is require for a cross with high heterosis and high yield, but genetic distanc