中文摘要：

针对内蒙古产伴生较多有机质的硅藻土，在采用水洗除杂工艺基础上进行了炭化处理，研究了炭化温度对硅藻土中二氧化硅晶相转变和吸附性能的影响。采用X射线衍射和扫描电子显微镜等方法对炭化提纯硅藻土进行了表征。结果表明：缺氧煅烧可以使硅藻土中伴生的有机质炭化，在硅藻壳表面形成无定形碳，从而影响非晶态二氧化硅高温煅烧过程中结晶相的形成。炭化硅藻土表面的碳对溶液中亚甲基蓝和甲基橙染料具有较强的吸附能力，并且经在适宜的温度下炭化处理，硅藻土的吸附能力能显著提高。

英文摘要：

A diatomite with some organic matters from Inner Mongolia was firstly purified by wash purifying technique, and then carbonized in a reducing atmosphere. The effect of carbonized temperature on the crystalline transition of amorphous silica in diatomite and adsorption capacity of methyl orange in solution was investigated. The resultant carbonized diatomite was characterized by X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. The results show that the organic matters in diatomite can be translated to amorphous carbon adsorbed on the surface of diatomite, resulting in elevated crystalline transition temperature of amorphous silica at high temperatures. The amorphous carbon adsorbed on the surface of diatomite could improve the adsorption capacity of methylene blue trihydrate and methyl orange in solution. The adsorption capacity increased with increasing hypoxia calcination temperature. The adsorption capacity of amorphous carbon was better than that of activated carbon.