中文摘要：

目的比较不同程度远视性弱视儿童与同龄矫正视力正常的儿童屈光状态变化的差别。方法临床病例对照研究。收集2006～2014年在广州医学院附属广州市第一人民医院眼科初诊为远视性屈光不正的儿童184例340只眼，分为矫正视力正常的非弱视组和轻、中、重度弱视组。比较各组年均屈光度改变的情况。结果非弱视组和弱视组屈光度每年递减（0．66±0．57）D和（1．17±1．42）D，差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）；男女两组和左右弱视眼的年均屈光度改变差异均无统计学意义（P〉0．05）；初诊为中度和高度远视的儿童，弱视眼远视屈光度年均下降（2．11±2．01）D和（2．82±1．32）D，非弱视眼分别为（0.67±0．43）D和（0．82±0131）D，差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）；轻度弱视眼与非弱视眼的年均下降屈光度比较无统计学意义（P=0.266），中、重度弱视眼的屈光度年均下降幅度显著高于非弱视眼差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论远视性弱视儿童与正常远视性屈光不正的儿童一样，远视屈光度随年龄增长逐年下降，且逐年减少幅度大于同龄的非弱视儿童。远视性弱视眼年均屈光度下降速度与性别和眼别无关，与初诊远视程度和弱视程度有关。

英文摘要：

Objective To investigate the difference of longitudinal refractive changes in hyperopic amblyopic children. Methods A case-control Study. All 184 hyperopic amblyopic children （340 eyes） were divided into the normal group, the mild, moderate and serious amblyopic groups. The changes of the spherical equivalent refraction were measured and the annual refractive changes were compared among the groups. Results The annual decrease of hyperopia were （0.66±0.57）D in the normal group and （1.17±1.42）D in the amblyopic group （P 〈0.05）. There were no significantly different decline of hyperopia between male and female or left and right eyes group （P 〉0.05）. The average annual decline of children with moderate and high hyperopic were （2.11±2.01）D and （2.82±1.32） D in amblyopic eyes, （0.67±0.43）D and （0.82±0.31）D in non amblyopic eyes （P 〈0.05）. Among the three groups, the mean annual decrease of hyperopia of the mild amblyopic group was minimum and of the serious amblyopic group was maximum （P 〈0.05）. Conclusions Hyperopia decreased year by year in the children with or without amblyopia, but decreased more in amblyopia children on the same age. The drop speed has nothing to do with gender and left or right eye, but related to the diagnosed hyperopic diopter and the degree of amblyopia.