中文摘要：

产业技术学习是发展中国家技术创新研究和产业研究的中心问题之一。本文以中国光纤光缆产业为对象研究该产业的技术学习过程，发现中国光纤光缆产业的技术学习过程是逆向的，而且该产业同时存在“逆技术链学习”和“逆产业链学习”两类逆向学习过程。影响中国光纤光缆产业技术学习的主要因素分别是技术体制、制度环境、学习动力和学习基础。这4类因素在分产业（制棒、拉丝、成缆）的非均匀分布是中国光纤光缆产业逆向技术学习的主要原因。

英文摘要：

The industrial technological learning is one of the key questions for the technological innovation research and industrial research in developing countries. The case of Chinese optical fiber and cable industry is taken to study the technological learning process. The technological learning process of the Chinese optical fiber and cable industry is reverse. And two reverse learning coexist in the industry including the reverse technological chain learning and the reverse industrial chain technological learning. The influential factors on the technological learning of the Chinese optical fiber and cable industry include technological structure, the institution environment, the learning driving force, and the learning base. The unbalanced distribution of the four factors in the three industrial production phases （optical perform, fiber, and cable） is the main reason for such a reverse technological learning.