中文摘要：

全球变暖背景下特大暴雨越来越频繁,强度更大的暴雨因其致灾性更强,会导致更加严峻的暴雨洪涝风险.以往的研究都是将大暴雨和特大暴雨统归到暴雨之中,无法全面准确把握大暴雨和特大暴雨的时空动态变化特征.因此,本文采用中国659个气象站点的日值降水数据,以雨量、雨日和雨强为暴雨特征,分别计算了1951—2010不同年代三种不同强度暴雨（暴雨、大暴雨和特大暴雨）的统计特征,重点诊断分析了暴雨、大暴雨和特大暴雨的时空变化规律.结果表明在占总暴雨比例上,暴雨最大,大暴雨次之,特大暴雨最小;在时间上,中国年代际暴雨和大暴雨的雨量、雨日和雨强均呈现出动态增加的趋势,在空间上,仅雨量和雨日有扩张趋势,而雨强变化不甚显著.而年代际特大暴雨,在时间上雨量和雨日呈现出＂先增—后减—再增＂的变化特征,雨强则＂先减—后增—再减＂;在空间上特大暴雨的雨量、雨日和雨强并未有十分显著的变化.中国暴雨在朝着极端化方向发展,极有可能是人文因素强迫并叠加自然因素作用的结果.

英文摘要：

Frequent extreme rainfall events under the background of global climate change have caused terrible harm to economic and social development, life security, ecosystem, etc., which has brought profound impact on sustainable development of disaster area. Heavy rainfall has become a key factor of global and regional disasters and environmental risk,and has been widely concerned by academic community and most sectors of the society. We use 659 meteorological stations to calculate heavy rainfall, torrential rainfall and extraordinary heavy rainfall in amounts,days and intensity decade by decade. The heavy rainfall,torrential rainfall and extraordinary heavy rainfall in total amounts decrease. In time series,decadal heavy rainfall and torrential rainfall in amounts,days and intensity from 1951 to 2010 increase significantly,with uneven increase rate at different stages,which appear rapid increasing in the early and recent periods. On the spatial pattern,decadal heavy rainfall and torrential rainfall in amounts and days has obvious trend of expansion from southeast coast to northwest inland. However,decadal heavy rainfall and torrential rainfall in intensity has no obvious change. Decadal extraordinary heavy rainfall in amounts and days presents ＂first increased-reduction-then add＂characteristics in time series. On the contrary,the intensity presents ＂first decreased-increased-then reduction＂. On the spatial pattern,decadal extraordinary heavy rainfall in amounts,days and intensity has no obvious change. Rainfall is going towards extremely in China which is the most likely result of the combined influence of human and natural factors.