中文摘要：

选取黑龙江省2种主要农田土壤类型（暗棕壤和黑土）和2个大豆品种（滴2003—1和合丰25），采用盆栽试验，分别于大豆第5片复叶展开期、初花期、结荚初期、结荚盛期、鼓粒初期、鼓粒期和完熟期取样，进行根系形态（根干质量、根长、根表面积和平均根直径等）和根瘤性状（根瘤数、根瘤鲜质量和单个根瘤质量）的动态分析，以研究品种和土壤类型对大豆根系形态特征的影响．结果表明：土壤类型对大豆根系形态及结瘤性状均有显著影响，在第5片复叶展开期和初花期，暗棕壤的根系干质量、根长和根表面积低于黑土，而在鼓粒初期后高于黑土，暗棕壤的平均根直径在鼓粒初期后也高于黑土，但土壤类型对根冠比的影响不大；暗棕壤的根瘤数在初花期后明显低于黑土，但根瘤鲜质量和单个根瘤质量高于黑土．不同品种的根系性状在2种土壤上的差异程度不同，与合丰25相比，滴2003—1的根系性状受土壤条件的影响较大．在鼓粒期，根干质量（P〈0．05）、根表面积（P〈0．05）、根瘤数（P〈0．01）及单个根瘤质量（P〈0．001）在不同品种与土壤类型间表现出显著的互作效应．

英文摘要：

A pot experiment was conducted with two soybean varieties （Di2003-1 and Hefeng25 ） and two main soil types （ alfisol and mollisol） in Heilongjiang Province to study the interactive effects of variety and soil type on the root morphology and nodule traits of soybean plants. Root samples were collected at the fifth trifoliolate stage, bloom-beginning stage, pod-beginning stage, full pod stage, seed-beginning stage, full seed stage, and full maturity stage for the analysis of root dry mass, root length, root surface area, average root diameter, nodule number, nodule fresh mass, and mass per nodule. The results showed that soil type had significant effects on the root morphology and nodule traits of test varieties. In alfisol, the root dry mass, root length, and root surface area of test varieties were greater at the fifth trifoliolate stage and bloom-beginning stages while smaller after seed-beginning stage, compared with those in mollisol, and the average root diameter after seed-beginning stage was higher in alfisol than that in mollisol. Soil type did not affect root-shoot ratio. The nodule number after seed-beginning stage was much smaller in alfisol than in mollisol, while the nodule fresh mass and the mass per nodule were in adverse. The root traits in the two soil types varied with soybean variety. Compared with that of Hefeng25, the response of root traits of Di2003-1 to soil type was more sensitive. The interactive effects of variety and soil type on the root morphology and nodule traits of soybean plants were more significant at full seed stage.