中文摘要：

研究了同步发电机中一些不可直接测量量（功角、dq轴暂态电势、dq轴电流分量等）的动态软测量问题。首先，建立了适合于软测量分析的同步发电机模型，该模型充分包含了同步发电机中的一些可直接测量量（如有功功率、无功功率、电流幅值等），且是一类特殊的非线性微分-代数子系统。接着，针对所建立模型的特殊性，给出了适合此模型的推广的左逆软测量算法。然后，具体针对同步发电机的4阶实用模型设计了软仪表，实现了模型中所有不可直接测量量的软测量。最后，基于MATLAB／SimPowerSystems软件进行了数值仿真，用6阶次暂态模型模拟真实的同步发电机，验证了所提出的方法的有效性。

英文摘要：

The problem of soft sensing of directly immeasurable variables in the synchronous generator, such as the power angle, the d and q axis transient electromotive forces, the d and q axis stator circuit currents, is investigated. Firstly, the model of synchronous generator suitable for soft-sensing is proposed, which includes the directly measurable variables of generator, such as the active and reactive powers, the amplitude of current, etc. The proposed model is a type of nonlinear differential-algebraic sub-systems. Secondly, aiming at the specialty of the proposed model, an expanded left-inversion soft-sensing algorithm is proposed for the soft-sensing of synchronous generator. Then, a left-inversion soft-sensor is designed considering the 4-order transient practical model of synchronous generator, and all directly immeasurable variables in the model can be soft-sensed. Finally, simulations are performed using MATLAB/ SimPowerSystems, in which a 6-order sub-transient practical model of generator is used, and the results demonstrate the validity of the proposed method.