中文摘要：

通过室内放水冲刷实验,分析了黄土高坡5种土壤在不同坡度下的下切冲刷过程及影响冲刷的坡度、水流特征以及水流含沙量等影响因素。结果表明,在流量为120 L/h条件下,5种土壤的抗冲系数均随着坡度的增大而降低,且呈现指数回归关系,决定系数R^2较高,土壤抗冲性大小依次为杨凌黏壤土〉延安砂质黏壤土〉周至黏壤土〉志丹砂质壤土〉靖边砂质壤土;5种土壤的抗冲系数和水流流速均呈现出负相关的线性变化规律;5种土壤的冲刷强度基本都随着坡度的增加而增加,随着冲刷时间的推移,冲刷强度逐渐减小,且坡度越大,前期的冲刷强度越大;5种土壤的抗冲系数与水流含沙量呈现出负相关的线性变化规律,决定系数R^2在0.857 7～0.957 5之间,随水流含沙量的变化,抗冲性越好的土壤其本身的抗冲系数变化越显著。

英文摘要：

The incision and scour processes of five soils in the loess plateau under different slopes were investigated using an indoor flume experiment. In addition, the factors affecting the scour process, including slope, water flow rate, and sediment concentration were also examined. The results showed that when flow rate was 120 L/h,the erosion-resisting coefficients of the five soils decreased exponentially as the slop increased with a high determination coefficients. The anti-scourability of the fivesoils was in the order of clay loam of Yangling〉sandy clay loam of Yan＇an〉clay loam of Zhouzhi〉sand clay of Zhidan〉sand clay of Jingbian. The erosion-resisting coefficients and water flow rates of all the five soil were negatively linearly related. The erosion per minute of the five soils increased substantially with the slope. With scouring time elapsing, the amount of erosion per minute reduced gradually. In addition, the amount of erosion in early stages was larger when the slope was steep. The erosion-resisting coefficients and sediment concentrations in the flowing water was linearly related for the five soils with a determination coefficients in the range of 0.857 7～0.957 5. With an change in sediment concentration in the flowing water, the soil with better anti-scourability has a more significant alteration in its erosion-resisting coefficients.