中文摘要：

目的：探讨并分析IC U长期住院患者发生二次医院感染的特征，为预防IC U二次医院感染的发生提供参考。方法选取2010年1月－2012年12月IC U 98例长期住院患者，对其临床资料进行整理分析，统计分析其二次医院感染发生率、感染部位及病原菌分布，并进行危险因素的相关性分析。结果长期住院患者发生二次医院感染51例，感染率为52．04％；感染部位以呼吸道和泌尿道为主，分别占54．90％和27．45％；共检出病原菌68株，主要为鲍氏不动杆菌与大肠埃希菌，分别占30．88％和14．71％；单因素分析显示，患者年龄、APACHEⅡ评分、神志昏迷、呼吸机的使用、留置导尿管、动静脉置管、使用抗菌药物以及IC U住院时间与二次医院感染的发生具有相关性（P＜0．05）；多因素 logistic回归分析显示，神志昏迷、呼吸机使用、抗菌药物使用及ICU住院时间是发生二次医院感染的独立危险因素。结论 IC U长期住院患者二次医院感染率高，病原菌以非发酵菌为主，临床应针对医院感染的关键环节，采取相应的干预措施，降低医院感染的发生。

英文摘要：

OBJECTIVE To investigate the characteristics of the secondary infections in the ICU patients of long‐term hospital stay so as to provide guidance for prevention of the secondary infections in the ICU .METHODS A to‐tal of 98 patients who were hospitalized the ICU from Jan 2010 to Dec 2012 were enrolled in the study ,the clinical data were reviewed ,the incidence of secondary infections ,infection sites ,and distribution of pathogens were sta‐tistically analyzed ,and the related risk factors were explored .RESULTS The secondary infections occurred in 51 long‐term hospital stay patients ,with the infection rate of 52 .04% ,of whom 54 .90% had the respiratory tract in‐fections and 27 .45% had the urinary tract infections .Totally 68 strains of pathogens have been isolated ,among which the Acinetobacterbaumanniiand Escherichiacoliaccountedfor30 .88% and14 .71% ,respectively .Theun‐ivariate analysis indicated that the incidence of the secondary infections was associated with the age ,APACHEⅡscore ,coma ,use of breathing machine ,catheter indwelling ,arterio‐venous catheter indwelling ,use of antibiotics , and length of ICU stay （P〈0 .05） .The multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that the coma ,use of breathing machine ,use of antibiotics ,and length of ICU stay were the independent risk factors for the secondary infections .CONCLUSION The incidence of the secondary infections is high in the ICU patients of long‐term hospi‐tal stay .The non‐fermenting bacteria are dominant among the pathogens .It is necessary for the hospital to take tar‐geted interventions aiming at the risk factors so as to reduce the incidence of nosocomial infections .