中文摘要：

摘要：采用氨催化水解正硅酸乙酯制备了单分散二氧化硅微球，通过透射电子显微镜观察微球的粒径及其单分散性。利用垂直沉积法制备二氧化硅胶体晶体，通过扫描电子显微镜观察其形貌，利用紫外一可见光分光光度计对其带隙结构进行表征。结合模板技术，采用无皂乳液聚合制得三维有序聚苯乙烯大孔材料，通过扫描电子显微镜观察结构的有序度。结果表明：聚苯乙烯大孔材料结构高度有序，形成开放的三维通道网络，为聚合物大孔材料在诸多领域的潜在应用提供了可能。

英文摘要：

Monodispersed silica microspheres have been s3,a~aesized by hydrolysis of tetraethoxysilan （TEOS） using ammonia as a catalyst, the diameter and monodispersity of obtained microspheres were investigated through transmission electron microscopy （TEM）. A self-assembly technique was used to fabricate silica colloidal crystal. Crystalline quality was determined using scanning electron microscopy （SEM） and the optical properties of the crystal were evaluated using UV-visible spectrometer. The three-dimensionally ordered macroporous polystyrene materials were successfully prepared by emulsifier-free emulsion polymerization combined with the colloid crystal template technique. The experimental results indicate the macropores were arrayed orderly, connected each other and formed an open three-dimensional channel network, it provides possibility for the potential applications of maeroporous polymer in many fields.