中文摘要：

microRNA是一类广泛存在于真核生物细胞内的含20~22个核苷酸的非编码小RNA,它通过与目的mRNA 3′端非编码区的完全或不完全互补使得靶基因降解或翻译受阻。microRNA参与了众多基因的表达,涉及细胞的分化、发育、凋亡,病毒感染,免疫,机体代谢,肿瘤的发生等众多生命过程。microRNA和病毒的关系错综复杂,宿主细胞编码的microRNA可以对自身或病毒基因产生调控从而影响病毒感染,病毒编码的microRNA也可以对自身或宿主基因产生调控从而影响病毒感染,病毒也可以反过来影响宿主microRNA产生和作用。理清这两者之间的关系有助于科研人员发掘新的思路,更好地开展相关科研工作,为科学研究提供理论上的支持。因此,作者综述了microRNA的发现和命名、生成、作用机制,以及当前对于microRNA和病毒相互关系的新观点。

英文摘要：

microRNAs is a class of small non-coding RNA,whose size is 20 to 22nucleotides and widely exist in eukaryotic cells.It makes the target gene degradation or translation blocked by completely or incompletely complementary with the 3′UTR of target mRNA.microRNA involve in the expression of many genes,refer to cell differentiation,development,apoptosis,viral infection,immunity,metabolism,tumor and so on many processes of life.The relationship between microRNA and virus is complicated,microRNA encoded by host cells can control the gene itself or virus so as to affect the virus infection,microRNA encoded by virus also can control the gene itself or host cells so as to affect the virus infection,the virus can also influence the formation and fuction of host microRNA.To clarify the relationship between microRNA and virus will help researchers to explore new ideas,to better carry out the related research work,to provide theoretical support for scientific researches.Therefore,the author reviewed microRNA discovery and naming,formation,function mechanism and the current new view of the interrelation between microRNA and virus.