中文摘要：

全球气候变化背景下,极端干旱及高温的频率将不断增加。植物碳水平衡对植物的生长及生存具有重要意义。然而,干旱及增温对植物生理的单独及交互效应仍有很大的不确定性,这极大地限制了准确预测植物对未来气候变化响应的能力。干旱通常引起木质部栓塞,限制生长并降低光合作用。在最适温度以下,光合作用随着温度升高而升高,超过最适温度后,光合作用下降。呼吸作用比光合作用具有更高的最适温度,因此可能造成植物碳失衡。增温与干旱通常具有交互作用,并互相加重胁迫程度,增温干旱交互将对植物生存产生重要影响。研究增温干旱交互对植物生理的影响,可以更好地预测植物对未来气候条件的响应。

英文摘要：

The main and interactive effects of drought and high temperature stress on plant physiology remain uncertain,which limit our ability to predict accurately the plant responses to future climates.In this review,the effects of drought and high temperature on carbon exchange and water relations were discussed respectively.Drought stress usually results in higher xylem embolism,reduced growth and photosynthesis.Leaf photosynthesis is increased with rising temperature below the thermal optimum,while it declines once temperature is exceeded above the thermal optimum.Respiration often has higher thermal optimum than photosynthesis,thereby potentially leading to negative carbon balance on plants.Drought stress and high temperature are usually linked and therefore each stress exacerbates the other stress.Therefore,combined stress of drought and high temperature can pose significant threats on plant survival.To sum up,the interactive effects of drought and high temperature on plant physiology are needed to consider for predicting plant responses to future climates.