中文摘要：

突（涌）水地质灾害是制约隧道等地下工程建设的瓶颈问题之一,掌子面前方存在多个含水构造的情况普遍存在,对隧道前方多个含水构造的超前探测是亟待解决的难题,基于激发极化法中极化率参数对水体响应敏感的特点,将其引入到隧道前方含水体超前探测研究工作中,从正演理论、反演解释、物理模拟和现场应用等方面入手对激发极化超前预报技术进行了较为深入的研究。首先,推导了隧道掌子面前方多个含水构造激发极化法超前探测的理论解公式,采用等效电阻率法计算视极化率观测数据,为激发极化法超前探测快速反演奠定了基础。其次,基于隧道前方多个含水构造的理论解,提出了利用两个阻尼系数控制步长和搜索方向的思路,解决了传统马奎特方法仅依靠一个阻尼系数很难有效同时控制两个变化因素的矛盾;提出了一种改进的马奎特快速反演方法,同时对视电阻率和激发极化数据进行反演,使之对初始模型参数依赖较小,收敛速度较快,精度较高,并对隧道前方存在多个含水构造模型进行了较为成功的反演。最后,物理模型试验和现场实际应用表明,激发极化法超前探测快速反演方法是行之有效的,为解决隧道多个含水构造超前探测这一难题提供了可行的途径。

英文摘要：

Geological hazards such as water inrush have become one of the bottleneck problems for tunnel construction. It＇s very common that there are many water-bearing structures in front of tunnel face. And advanced detection of many water-bearing structures is a hard problem to be solved. Chargeability as one parameter of induced polarization （IP） is sensitive to water. And 1P is introduced into the advanced detection of water-bearing structures in tunnels. IP on the advanced detection is deeply studied from the aspects of forward theory, inversion interpretation, physical simulation and application. Firstly, a theoretical formula for detecting many water-bearing structures is derived. And apparently chargeability data are calculated using the equivalent resistivity method, laying a solid foundation for fast inversion. Secondly, the traditional damping least squares inversion method controls two changing factors using one damping factor, which causes a contradiction, And the idea that two damping factors are used to control step length and search direction is put forward. The improved damping least squares inversion method with little dependence, fast convergence rate and high accuracy is put forward based on theoretical formula. Apparent resistivity and IP data are inversed at the same time. And many models for the water-bearing structures are inversed successfully. Finally, the physical model tests and engineering applications show that IP fast inversion method is efficient in detecting water-bearing structures. And it provides a feasible approach to solving the problem of advanced detection of many water-bearing structures.