中文摘要：

微生态学有天的小文名词尚未统一，或者不明确、不规范，容易混淆，还有部分英义名词没有对应的中文名词，不便于交流。为此，笔者对部分名词如益生菌、益生元、合生元、宏基因组学和粪菌移植等提出我们的意见和建议，并提出了益生索和合生素等中文名词，与同道们讨沦，以期能够达成统一。

英文摘要：

Microecology research has progressed greatly in recent years. Unfortunately, the medical microecology nomenclature in Chinese has not been standardized and there is largely no consensus in research community. Some current terms are neither precise to describe the nature of the terms nor accurately translated from English correspondents, which makes confusion and difficulty in communication and discussion. In this article, we discussed some Chinese terms in medical microecology, such as probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics, metagenomics, and fecal microbiota transplantation, and proposed suggestions for the translation of postbiotics, synbiotics and microbiological agents.