中文摘要：

通过稳定化、炭化静电纺制的聚丙烯腈（PAN）前驱体纤维制备了直径为100nm～300nm的纳米炭纤维。用扫描电镜（SEM）、场发射扫描电镜（FESEM）、扫描隧道显微镜（STM）及扫描量热分析法（DSC）研究了纳米炭纤维及其前驱体纤维的形貌及结构。结果表明：纳米炭纤维及其前驱体纤维的直径表现为对数正态分布。静电纺制纤维的环化放热峰移向低温，表明静电纺制纤维可在较低的温度下引发环化。由于静电纺制纤维的粗糙表面及在热处理过程中的收缩行为，在纳米炭纤维表面形成了长度为10nm宽度为5nm的凹坑。

英文摘要：

Carbon nanofibers with diameters in the range of 100nm to 300nm were obtained by stabilizing and carbonizing electrospun polyacrylonitrile （PAN） precursors. The morphologies and structures of the nanofibers and PAN precursors were investigated by scanning electron microscopy, scanning tunneling microscopy, and differential scanning calorimetry. The diameters of the PAN precursors and carbon nanofibers showed a log- normal distribution. The cyclization exothermic peak shifted to a lower temperature for electrospun fibers, which suggested that cyclization could be more easily initiated. Pits 10 nm in length and 5 nm in width formed on the surface of the carbon nanofibers, caused by the rough surface of the electrospun precursors and their shrinkage during heat treatment.