中文摘要：

【目的】西北-华北-长江中下游麦区是中国小麦条锈病最主要的流行区系,准确评价大区间当前小麦品种抗条锈病性水平和抗源使用特点,为整体考量各流行区小麦抗性品种分布的合理性和确定今后的育种方向提供依据。【方法】从该区系13个省（区）征集了501份小麦当前主栽品种和后备品种,在杨凌进行苗期分小种（CYR32和CYR33）和成株期混合小种（CYR23、CYR25、CYR29、CYR31、CYR32、CYR33、Su11-4、Su11-7）人工诱发接种鉴定,在天水自然发病条件下进行抗条锈病性鉴定。【结果】参鉴小麦品种（系）中,表现为全生育期抗性的品种仅有34份,占参试品种（系）的6.8%,表现成株期抗性的品种为110份,占参试品种的22.0%,表现感病的品种（系）为356份,占供试品种（系）的71.0%;流行区系内不同地区间小麦品种抗条锈性水平存在较大差异;结合育种系谱分析,具有全生育期抗病性的品种（系）的有效抗源类型较丰富,但在品种（系）中的分布不均衡,主要集中在92R系（携带Yr26）、贵农系以及少数携带Yr24的CIMMYT抗源种质。【结论】当前中国小麦主产区小麦品种抗条锈性整体水平仍较低,必须加强病害预测预报和防治,以避免大区流行;小麦品种主要有效抗源较单一,且在不同流行区同时使用。

英文摘要：

【Objective】 Stripe rust of wheat（Triticum aestivum L.）,caused by Puccinia striiformis f.sp.tritici,has been considered one of the most damaging for wheat production in Northwest China,North China,and the Middle and Lower Reaches of Changjiang River wheat region in China.The objective of this study was to evaluate the resistance levels of current wheat and advanced lines to this disease in the target epidemic region.【Method】 A total of 501 entries of wheat cultivars and advanced lines,collected from thirteen provinces of China,were evaluated for stripe rust resistance of seedlings in greenhouse with selected races（CYR32 and CYR33）,and of adult plants in the field with eight mixed races at Yangling,and in fields under natural infections at Tianshui,during 2008-2009 wheat growth seasons.【Result】 Among the 501 cultivars or advanced lines,there were only 34（6.8%）,and 110（22.0%） entries that were resistant at seedling and adult plant stages respectively.A high frequency of cultivars and advanced lines（71.0%） showed a susceptible reaction（infection type ≥ 3） in the field at Tianshui in Gansu.There were significant differences in the resistance level of wheat entries among the different epidemic regions.According to the analysis of pedigree,the application of resistant sources of current wheat cultivars to stripe rust among different epidemic regions were focused on a little major effective Yr genes,such as Yr26/24,Guinong resistance lines,and some CIMMYT resistance lines.【Conclusion】 The resistance levels of current cultivars to stripe rust were very low,and the forecast for epidemic situation of stripe rust must be enhanced in order to avoid stripe rust epidemic in large area.The available sources of rust resistance were too less in wheat breeding programs,and simultaneous utilization in different epidemic regions.