中文摘要：

microRNA（简称miRNA）是一类新发现、短序列的、非编码的小分子RNA,参与基因组转录后水平的调节。当前认为miRNA可以调控30%人类编码蛋白质的基因,且一种miRNA可以和多个靶mRNA结合;miRNA在免疫细胞增殖、分化、成熟、免疫稳态的维持等方面有重要调控作用。近来研究证实异常表达的miRNA与某些疾病如肿瘤、炎症性疾病及自身免疫性疾病等发病有关。本文就当前对于miRNA生物学特性,及其与自身免疫性疾病的关系进行综述。

英文摘要：

MicroRNAs（abbreviated miRNA）are newly discovered,small,noncoding ribonucleic acids（RNAs）that play critical roles in the regulation of host genome expression at the posttranscriptional level.It is believed that miRNAs could regulate over one third of human genes that encode proteins,one miRNA may identify or regulate multiple targets.MiRNAs have served as key regulators of various biological processes including immune cell proliferation,differentiation,maturation,and maintenance of immune homeostasis and normal function.Dysregulated miRNA expression has confirmed to be relevant to a broad range of diseases including cancer as well as inflammatory and autoimmune diseases.This review focuses on the current understanding of miRNA biogenesis,and the association of miRNAs with autoimmune diseases.