中文摘要：

以便更好在 Holocene Chinesecraniofacial 形态学理解微进化过程，分析在 21 个公制的特点上被做了在上过时(n=161 ) ， BronzeAge (n=423 ) 并且现代(n=134 ) 从北中国的成年男颅骨。Theresults 显示这些中国人口的物理人物在整个 Holocene 演变。从 Neolithicto 青铜时代包括到现代、一般趋势：头部、面部的尺寸减少；鼻子变得更狭窄、更长；轨道变得更狭窄、更高；头是更球状的。头部的特征的 Theexpression 在不同时间句号之间变化。在头部的尺寸的减少首先从青铜时代发生了到现代。然而，减少 infacialsize，变窄轨道的鼻子，和举起发生在整个 Holocene.These 特点仍然多半正在演变。为 theHolocene 汉语人口的头部的特征的这个演变模式类似于在世界上在其它地方发现了那。在全面 craniofacial 尺寸的减少在气候和饮食与变化被联系。另外，它是可能的 craniofacial 词法微进化被人的进化机制控制。

英文摘要：

In order to better understand microevolutionary processes in Holocene Chinese craniofacial morphology, an analysis has been done on 21 metric traits on Neolithic （n=161）, Bronze Age （n=423） and modern （n=134） adult male skulls from northern China. The results indicate that the physical characters of these Chinese populations evolved throughout the Holocene. From the Neolithic to Bronze Age to present day, general trends include： cranial and facial sizes decrease; the nose gets narrower and longer; the orbits become narrower and higher; the head is more globular. The expression of the cranial features varies between the different time periods. The decrease in cranial size primarily occurred from the Bronze Age to present day. However, the decrease in facial size, the narrowing of the nose, and the elevation of the orbits took place throughout the Holocene. These traits are likely still evolving. This evolving pattern of the cranial features for the Holocene Chinese populations is similar to that found elsewhere in the world. The decrease in overall craniofacial size is associated with changes in climate and diet. In addition, it is possible that the craniofacial morphological microevolution is controlled by human evolutionary mechanisms.