中文摘要：

太阳位置信息不仅在太阳能领域应用广泛，而且在偏振光导航领域中被作为重要的空间特征，为偏振光导航提供信息。在研究大气偏振模式分布规律时，发现太阳位置与偏振模式存在着一定的对应关系；利用这一联系提出一种新的太阳跟踪方法:对偏振模式进行采样，得到各个采样点的偏振信息（偏振度和偏振角度）与太阳空间位置（高度角和方位角）之间的关系方程组。利用最小二乘法求得最优解并将其作为太阳位置。通过仿真实验验证了该方法的可行性，接着通过全天候和遮挡情况下的太阳跟踪实验进行了验证。实验表明用该方法求解得到的太阳高度角和方位角的平均误差在〇.5°;并且不受空间位置和时间的限制，不存在误差积累，不受遮挡物对太阳遮挡的影响，体现出良好准确性和的环境适应性，可以有效地实现太阳空间位置确定和太阳跟踪。

英文摘要：

The location information of sun is widely used not only in the field of solar energy, but also regarded as the important space feature points in the field of polarized light navigation. In the study of distribution mode of atmospheric polarization, it find there is a corresponding relationship between the position of sun and the polarization modes. A new solar tracking method is proposed based on this relationship : the polarization modes are sampled,and the relational equations between polarization information ( polarization degree and polarization angle) ofeach sampling point and the spatial position of sun ( altitude and azimuth) is obtained. The optimal solution is obtainedby using the least squares method and is regarded as the position of the sun. The feasibility of the method isverified through simulation, then the experiments are further carried on under the condition of all-weather and underocclusion. Experimental results show that the average error of position information of sun obtained by this method isaround 0. 5 degree at solar altitude angle and azimuth angle. Furthermore, this method is not restricted by spatial location and time, and there are no accumulated errors. This method can still work when the sun is blocked by shelter, which indicates that this method has a high accuracy and the adaptability to environment, and it can effectively realize space solar position determination and solar tracking.