中文摘要：

老鼠是为药理学和生理的研究的一个珍贵模型。胚胎的茎(物件) 房间衬里的 Germline 能干的老鼠成功地被建立了，维持物件细胞的自我更新的、无差别的状态的分子的网络也好揭开。然而，很少对区别策略和这些真老鼠 pluripotent 干细胞怎么产生特定的房间类型的内在的机制被知道。这研究的目的是调查物件房间的神经区别能力。借助于一个修改过程基于 激活mitogen 的蛋白质 kinase ( MAPK )和肝糖 synthase kinase 的以前的出版物联合 3 ( GSK3 )禁止者(二个禁止者， 2i )与喂调节中等，我们成功地从物件房间获得了高质量的老鼠胚胎植物或动物身体(美国南北战争时南军士兵)然后区分了他们到 tripotent 神经祖先。这些物件导出房间的神经祖先房间(rNPCs ) 能够自我更新并且产生所有三个神经的系，包括的星形细胞， oligodendrocytes，和神经原。而且，这些导出房间的神经原染色了的物件为 -aminobutyric 酸(伽马氨基丁酸) 和酷氨酸 hydroxylase (TH ) 积极。在摘要，我们为区分物件房间到 tripotent 开发一个试验性的系统神经祖先，它可以为学习象 Parkinson 的疾病和老鼠神经系统的开发那样的许多 neurodegenerative 混乱的致病为药理学测试和一个珍贵平台提供一个强大的工具。

英文摘要：

Rat is a valuable model for pharmacological and physiological studies. Germline-competent rat embryonic stem （rES） cell lines have been successfully established and the molecular networks maintaining the self-renewing, undifferentiated state of rES cells have also been well uncovered. However, little is known about the differentiation strategies and the underlying mechanisms of how these authentic rat pluripotent stem ceils give rise to specific cell types. The aim of this study is to investigate the neural differentiation capacity of rES cells. By means of a modified procedure based on previous publications - combination of mitogen-activated protein kinase （MAPK） and glycogen synthase kinase 3 （GSK3） inhibitors （two inhibitors, ＂2i＂） with feeder-conditioned medium, we successfully obtained high- quality rat embryoid bodies （rEBs） from rES cells and then differentiated them to tripotent neural progenitors. These rES cell-derived neural progenitor cells （rNPCs） were capable of self-renewing and giving rise to all three neural lineages, including astrocytes, oligo- dendrocytes, and neurons. Besides, these rES cell-derived neurons stained positive for y-aminobutyric acid （GABA） and tyrosine hydroxylase （TH）. In summary, we develop an experimental system for differentiating rES cells to tripotent neural progenitors, which may provide a powerful tool for pharmacological test and a valuable platform for studying the pathogenesis of many neurodegenerative disorders such as Parkinson＇s disease and the development of rat nervous system.