中文摘要：

采用田间小区试验,研究了总施肥量一定条件下,不同养分配比对油菜生长发育和产量的影响。结果表明,总施肥量一定的情况下,较高施氮比例的油菜营养生长和生殖生长均比较差,最终产量较低,经济效益较差;较低的施氮比例下油菜的整体生长状况都达到比较好的水平,而且变异程度较低,生长状况稳定,最终获得高产稳产,产量达到3 207.16 kg/hm2,比不施肥处理增产292.51%,比农民习惯施肥处理增产28.79%,产量显著高于其他处理,经济效益也达到最高;N∶P2O5∶K2O=14∶4∶7处理的油菜营养生长最好,产量略低于低氮比例处理,但是变异程度较高,油菜各性状生长不稳定,有较大的提升空间与配比改进的必要。综上所述,供试6种氮磷钾配比处理中,以N∶P2O5∶K2O=12∶6∶7的处理有利于油菜的生长以及获得较高的产量,值得在当地推广。

英文摘要：

We researched the effects of different nutrient ratios on the growth and yield of rape with total amount of fertilizer in certain condition using field plot experiment. The results showed that the growth and reproductive of cole were relatively poor at the higher nitrogen application rate, leading to low yield and poor economic returns. The rape would get low degree of variation and stable growth while the overall growth of rape reached a relatively good level with lower proportion of N,it would obtain high and stable yield finally, the yield was 3 207.16 kg/ha, increased by 292.51% compared to the control, increased 28.79% compared to the farmers used, was significantly higher than other treatments, and economic benefits also reached the highest. The growth of rape was the best with m（N）：（P2O5）：（K2O）=14：4：7, the yield was slightly lower than the ratio of nitrogen treatment but the degree of variation was higher and the characters of growth of cole was instable,it was necessary to enhance the spatial and ratio of larger improvement. In conclusion, in the six kinds of mixture ratios, the handle of m（N）：（P2O5）：（K2O）=12：6：7 was advantaged to growth and high yield of rape, and was worth extension in location.