中文摘要：

研究了热处理（T6强化处理及纯时效硬化处理）对渗流法生产的3种开孔泡沫铝合金在动态（～2.1×10^3 s^-1）和准静态（1.0×10^3 s^-1）下的压缩力学性能及能量吸收特性的影响.分别在MTS810材料试验机和分离式Hopkinson压杆（SHPB）上对3种泡沫铝合金材料进行了准静态及动态压缩实验.实验结果表明：与制备态相比,经时效硬化处理及T6强化处理的泡沫Al-Mg-Si合金和泡沫Al-Cu-Mg合金的动、静态压缩强度提高、平台区缩短,在一定应变下单位体积吸收的能量提高,而且均表现出对应变率的敏感性.而热处理对泡沫Al-Mg合金的动、静态压缩性能均没有影响,表明热处理对泡沫金属的作用与构成泡沫的基体金属关系密切,但与对应的实体金属的情况不同.须注意的是泡沫Al-Mg-Si合金和泡沫Al-Cu-Mg合金的纯时效硬化处理,也可以在一定程度上提高其压缩强度及吸能能力,与T6强化处理相比不需要固溶处理,不仅可以降低热处理成本,而且还避免了在水中淬火时对泡孔结构的破坏.实验结果还表明,泡沫Al-Cu-Mg合金的应变率敏感性受热处理路线的影响,而泡沫Al-Mg-Si合金的却不受影响.由于不同合金经相同热处理后会产生不同的沉淀硬化相甚至没有硬化相,因此,可以得出热处理对泡沫金属性能的影响主要取决于制备泡沫的基体金属.

英文摘要：

The effects of heat treatment on the quasi-static （1.0 × 10^-3 s^-1） and dynamic （-2.1 × 10^3 s^-1） compressive properties and energy absorption characteristics have been studied for the open cell Al-Mg-Si, Al-Cu-Mg and Al-Mg alloy foams produced by the infiltrating processes of as-fabricated （F）, age-hardened （A） and solution heat treated plus age-hardened （T6）. The MTS810 material test system and the split Hopkinson pressure bar （SHPB） device are used for testing during quasi-static and high strain rate compression, respectively. The results showed that the age-hardened Al-Mg-Si and Al-Cu-Mg alloy foams and the T6-strengthened foams exhibited an improved compression strength and a shortened plateau region compared with that of foams in as-fabricated state under quasi-static and high strain rate compressions. The absorbed energy is improved and sensitive to strain rate in both conditions for those foams. It is especially worthy to note that the compressive strength of Al-Mg-Si and Al-Cu-Mg alloy foams can also be improved by the age-hardened treatment without solution treat. Not only the cost of heat treatment can be reduced, but also the cell structure damage of the foams can be avoided during quenching in water without any effects on the properties of Al-Mg alloy foam. The experiment results also showed that the heat treatment routine would influence the strain rate sensitivity of Al-Cu-Mg alloy foam but Al-Mg-Si alloy foam. Since different alloys have different precipitation phases, even no precipitation phase through the same heat treatment routine, it can be concluded that the effects of heat treatment on the properties of metal foams mainly depends on the material from which the foam is made.