中文摘要：

由于地质学研究的特殊性，即一般只能是由已经观察到的结果推断其原因，所以逻辑推理具有相当重要的意义。但是，在地质学学术论文中，常见一些逻辑问题和错误，如：定义不清、不完全归纳、不当的归纳、与对比、推不出、因果倒置、循环定义或循环论证等。对此一些分析与见解提供参考。

英文摘要：

For the particularities in geological studies, that is, generally one can only deduce causes from observed effects, the logical references have very important meaning. However, in geological academic theses, logical reasoning mistakes can often be found, such as indistinct not clear definition, incomplete inducing, inappropriate inducing, inappropriate matching, unreasonable inferring, setting the cause and the effect inversely, recycled definition or argument, etc.