中文摘要：

[目的]通过研究小麦叶片水分利用效率与主要生理性状之间的遗传相关性，明确各生理性状在影响水分利用效率上的相对重要性，在小麦水分利用效率生理遗传育种中应用。[方法]选用4个水旱地不同生态型的小麦品种，按Griffing（1956）方法Ⅱ组成4×4完全双列杂交试验，共获得6个正交子代。用LI-6400便携式光合仪，测定灌浆期亲本和杂交后代叶片光合速率（Pn）、蒸腾速率（Tr）、胞间c0：浓度（Ci）、气孔导度（Gs）、叶温（T1）等生理指标，通过表型和遗传相关分析，考察五性状对叶片WUE的影响。[结果]在小麦灌浆早、中、晚时期，叶片水分利用效率（WUE）与光合速率（Pn）呈显著或极显著正相关；与蒸腾速率（Tr）和胞间CO2浓度（Ci）呈负相关，且达到极显著水平；与叶温（T1）呈负相关，且在灌浆晚期达到极显著性；与气孔导度（Gs）呈现二次曲线的趋势。[结论]明确了在灌浆时期各相关性状对叶片WUE的动态相关影响，指出叶片WUE和相关生理性状间在灌浆期有很好的遗传相关关系。

英文摘要：

[Objective] In order to improve physiology and genetics of wheat and its water use efficiency （WUE）, physiological traits of wheat leaves were investigated. [ Method ] According to Griffing＇s method Ⅱ （1956）, complete 4 × 4 diallel crossing experiments were established through selecting 4 deferent wheat varieties belonging to both ecotypes of dry land and marsh land, giving birth to 6 orthogonal filial generations. At the grain filling stage, such physiological indexes of parents and their hybridized generations as the photosynthesis rate （Pn）, transpiration rate （Tr）, intercellular CO2 concentration （Ci）, stomatal conductance （Gs）, leaf temperature （T1） were measured using the portable photosynthesis system （LI-COR, 6400）. The effects of these 5 traits on leaf WUE were observed through the analyses of phenotypie and genetic correlations. [Result] Throughout wheat＇s early, middle and late grain filling stages, leaf WUE was notably or extremely positively correlated with Pn, while it was negatively correlated with Tr and Ci. Such correlations amounted to extremely notable levels. Leaf WUE was negatively correlated with T1 and such correlations amounted to extremely notable levels at the late grain filling stage. Meanwhile, there existed conic trends between leaf WUE and Gs. [Conclusion] This research demonstrates the relevant dynamic effects of every trait on leaf WUE during grain filling stage, and it proves that good correlations among relevant psychological traits and leaf WUE exist, thus providing a certain basis, for the clarification of wheat leaf WUE＇s genetic rules.